Falmouth, capital of the Parish of Trelawny, is situated on Jamaica’s north coast near

Founded by Thomas Reid in 1769, Falmouth flourished as a county seat and market center for the Parish of Trelawny for forty years.  Jamaica had become the world's leading sugar producer. The town was named after the birthplace of  His Excellency Sir William Trelawny, Falmouth, Cornwall, England, and is noted for being one of the Caribbean’s best-preserved historic towns.

Falmouth compares well with  Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia in the United States.  Falmouth was meticulously planned from the start, with wide streets in a regular grid, adequate water supply, and public buildings. Interestingly, Falmouth received piped water before New York City.

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Falmouth was one of the busiest ports in Jamaica.  It was home to masons, carpenters, tavern-keepers, mariners, planters and others. It was a wealthy town in a wealthy parish with a rich racial mix. This was the heyday of King Sugar.  Within the parish, nearly one hundred plantations were actively manufacturing sugar and rum for export to England.  Jamaica had become the world's leading sugar producer.   In Falmouth Harbor as many as 30 tall-ships could be seen on any given day, delivering goods and slaves, and loading their holds with rum and sugar manufactured on nearby plantations.

Starting in 1840, Falmouth’s post-emancipation fortunes as a commercial center declined.  This decline and lack of support for development has left many of its early buildings standing.   The streets are lined with many small houses known for their unique fretwork and windows, major merchant and planter complexes, and commercial buildings, all dating from 1790 to 1840.

While Falmouth saw little commercial advancement after the 1840’s, houses continued to be built. The town’s buildings, the old and the not so old, make up the historic townscape of Falmouth.  These shared characteristics weave the varied building styles into a distinctive pattern of early Jamaican architecture, and a critical mass of each variety makes the town an unusually distinctive place.

Within the Falmouth Historic District lies the largest intact collection of  Georgian buildings – unparalleled in the entire Caribbean.  There survive many small houses known for their unique gingerbread fretwork and jalousie windows, major merchant and planter complexes, and commercial buildings, all dating from 1769 to 1840.

Market Street is lined with the largest coherent group of colonnaded commercial buildings in Jamaica.   This contrasts dramatically with Falmouth’s residential areas, where rich and poor lived close to one another in a common pre-industrial manner. As a result, there are small wooden houses and brick Georgian mansions scattered throughout what is now officially designated as the Falmouth Historic District.

Today, a visit to Falmouth is like a walk through history: every house, every corner, and every street is filled with stories of Jamaica’s rich history.

Useful Links
A Brief History of Jamaica - Jamaica National Heritage Trust
History of Jamaica - Wikipedia
The History of Falmouth - Boom Town of the 19th Century - Jamaican Gleaner
History of the Parish of Trelawny - Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
History of Trelawny and Falmouth - Hands Across Trelawny Association